UPC CFI 52/2023 – Avago Technologies International Sales Pte. Limited v Tesla Germany GmbH, Tesla Manufacturing Brandenburg SE

Expert Commentary

Full Decision Text

Munich local division UPC CFI 52/2023 Decision of the Court of First Instance of the Unified Patent Court local division Munich issued on 30 August 2024 PLAINTIFF Avago Technologies International Sales Pte. Limited, 1 Yishun Avenue 7 - 768923 - Singapore - SG represented by: Dr Bernd Allekotte (Grünecker). DEFENDANT 1) Tesla Germany GmbH, Ludwig-Prandtl-Straße 27-29 - 12526 Berlin DE 2) Tesla Manufacturing Brandenburg SE, Tesla Str. 1 - 15537 Grünheide (Mark) - DE represented by: Dr Marcus Grosch (Quinn Emanuel Urquart & Sullivan). PATENT IN SUIT European Patent No. 1 838 002 JUDICIAL BODY/CHAMBER Panel 1 of the Munich local division PARTICIPATING JUDGES This decision was issued by presiding judge Dr Matthias Zigann, legally qualified judge Dr Tatyana Zhilova, legally qualified judge Tobias Pichlmaier and technically qualified judge Klaus Loibner.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/20232 LANGUAGE OF THE PROCEEDINGS German ORAL HEARING 25 June 2024 ANNOUNCEMENT DATE 30 August 2024 FACTS OF THE CASE The plaintiff is the registered proprietor of European patent 1 838 002 B1 (German acti on number: DE: 60 2006 032 743.9) with the title The patent in suit claims priority from US patent application No. 388822 of 24 March 2006 and US patent application No. 494682 of 26 July 2006 and was filed as European patent application No. 06025148.5 on 5 December 2006. The patent application was published on 26 September 2007 under publication number EP 1 838 002 A2. The reference to the grant of the patent in suit by the European Patent Office was published in the European Patent Bulletin on 31 October 2012 (Annexes K1-K3). The patent in suit is only still in force in the Federal Republic of Germany. Claims 1, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 are in the language of grant:2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com 1. A programmable hybrid transmitter comprises: a baseband processing module (76, 100) coupled to convert outbound data (94) into a complex signal (138) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode (134) and to convert the outbound data (94) into at least one of: a normalized complex signal (140), offset information (142), and transmit property information (144) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode (136); an up-conversion module (130) coupled to mix the complex signal (138) with a local oscillation to produce an up-converted signal (146) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode (134) and to mix the normalized complex signal (140) with the local oscillation based on the offset information (142) to produce a normalized up-converted signal (148) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode (136); and a power amplifier circuit (132) coupled to amplify the up-converted signal (146) to produce an outbound RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode (134) and to amplify the normalized up-converted signal (148) based on the transmit property information (144) to produce the outbound RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode (136). 5. The programmable hybrid transmitter of claim 1, wherein the baseband processing module (76, 100) further functions to: monitor an operational parameter of the programmable hybrid transmitter; when the operational parameter compares favorably with an operational threshold, place the programmable hybrid transmitter in the first mode (134); and UPC CFI 52/202332024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com when the operational parameter compares unfavorably with the operational threshold, place the programmable hybrid transmitter in the second mode (136). 6.. T programmable hybrid transmitter of claim 5, wherein the operational parameter includes at least one of: power level; peak to average power; power amplifier 1 dB compression point; user controllable input; and wireless protocol modulation specification. 7. A method for use in a programmable hybrid transmitter comprising a baseband processing module (76, 100), an up-conversion module (130) and a power amplifier circuit (132), the method comprising: converting, by the baseband processing module (76, 100), outbound data (94) into a complex signal (138) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode (134); converting, by the baseband processing module (76, 100), the outbound data (94) into at least one of: a normalized complex signal (140), offset information (142), and transmit property information (144) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode (136); mixing, by the up-conversion module (130), the complex signal (138) with a local oscillation to produce an up-converted signal (146) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode (134); mixing, by the up-conversion module (130), the normalized complex signal (140) with the local oscillation based on the offset information (142) to produce a normalized up-converted signal (148) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode (136); amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit (132), the up-converted signal (146) to produce an outbound RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode (134); and amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit (132), the normalized up-converted signal (148) based on the transmit property information (144) to produce the outbound RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode (136). 11.1.The method of claim 7, further comprising: monitoring, by the baseband processing module (76, 100), an operational parameter of the programmable hybrid transmitter; placing, by the baseband processing module (76, 100), the programmable hybrid transmitter in the first mode (134) when the operational parameter compares favorably with an operational threshold; and placing, by the baseband processing module (76, 100), the programmable hybrid transmitter in the second mode (136) when the operational parameter compares unfavorably with the operational threshold. 12.2. The method of claim 11, wherein the operational parameter includes at least one of: power level; UPC CFI 52/20234 peak to average power; power amplifier 1 dB compression point; user controllable input; and wireless protocol modulation specification. Claims 1, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 are translated into German:2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com 1.. Programmierbarer Hybrid-Sender mit: einem Basisband-Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), das gekoppelt ist, um abgehende Daten (94) in ein komplexes Signal (138) umzuwandeln, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender in einem ersten Modus (134) befindet, und die abgehenden Daten (94) in wenigstens eines umzuwandeln von: einem normalisierten komplexen Signal (140), Offset-Informationen (142) und Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144), wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender in einem zweiten Modus (136) befindet; einem Aufwärtskonvertiermodul (130), das gekoppelt ist, um das komplexe Signal (138) mit einer lokalen Oszillation zu mischen, um ein hinaufkonvertiertes Signal (146) zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im ersten Modus (134) befindet, und um das normalisierte komplexe Signal (140) mit der lokalen Oszillation basierend auf den Offset- Informationen (142) zu mischen, um ein normalisiertes hinaufkonvertiertes Signal (148) zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im zweiten Modus (136) befindet; und einer Stromverstärkerschaltung (132), die gekoppelt ist, um das hinaufkonvertierte Signal (146) zu verstärken, um ein abgehendes HF-Signal zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im ersten Modus (134) befindet, und um das normalisierte hinaufkonvertierte Signal (148) basierend auf den Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144) zu verstärken, um das abgehende HF-Signal zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im zweiten Modus (136) befindet. 5.. Programmierbarer Hybrid-Sender nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Basisband- Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100) des Weiteren so arbeitet, dass es: einen Betriebsparameter des programmierbaren Hybrid-Senders überwacht; wenn der Betriebsparameter im Vergleich mit einem Betriebs-Schwellenwert gut abschneidet, den programmierbaren Hybrid-Sender in den ersten Modus (134) versetzt; und wenn der Betriebsparameter im Vergleich mit dem Betriebs-Schwellenwert schlecht abschneidet, den programmierbaren Hybrid-Sender in den zweiten Modus (136) versetzt. 6.. Programmierbarer Hybrid-Sender nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Betriebsparameter wenigstens eines aufweist von: Leistungspegel; Spitzenleistung zu mittlerer Leistung; Leistungsverstärker 1 dB Kompressionspunkt; benutzersteuerbare Eingabe; und Drahtlosprotokoll-Modulationsspezifikation. UPC CFI 52/202352024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com 7.. Verfahren zur Verwendung bei einem programmierbaren Hybrid-Sender, der ein Basisband-Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), ein Aufwärtskonvertiermodul (130) und eine Leistungsverstärkerschaltung (132) aufweist, wobei das Verfahren umfasst: Konvertieren, durch das Basisband-Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), abgehender Daten (94) in ein komplexes Signal, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender in einem ersten Modus befindet; Konvertieren, durch das Basisband-Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), der abgehenden Daten (94) in wenigstens eines von: einem normalisierten komplexen Signal (140), Offset- Informationen (142) und Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144), wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender in einem zweiten Modus (136) befindet; Mischen, durch das Aufwärtskonvertiermodul (130), des komplexen Signals (138) mit einer lokalen Oszillation, um ein hinaufkonvertiertes Signal (146) zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im ersten Modus (134) befindet; Mischen, durch das Aufwärtskonvertiermodul (130), des normalisierten komplexen Signals (140) mit der lokalen Oszillation basierend auf den Offset-Informationen (142), um ein normalisiertes hinaufkonvertiertes Signal (148) zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im zweiten Modus (136) befindet; Verstärken, durch die Stromverstärkerschaltung (132), des hinaufkonvertierten Signals (146), um ein abgehendes HF-Signal zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im ersten Modus (134) befindet; und Verstärken, durch die Stromverstärkerschaltung (132), des normalisierten hinaufkonvertierten Signals (148) basierend auf den Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144), um das abgehende HF-Signal zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im zweiten Modus (136) befindet. 11.1 Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, das des Weiteren umfasst: Überwachen, durch das Basisband-Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), eines Betriebsparameters des programmierbaren Hybrid-Senders; Versetzen, durch das Basisband-Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), des programmierbaren Hybrid-Senders in den ersten Modus (134), wenn der Betriebsparameter im Vergleich mit einem Betriebs-Schwellenwert gut abschneidet; und Versetzen, durch das Basisband-Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), des programmierbaren Hybrid-Senders in den zweiten Modus (136), wenn der Betriebsparameter im Vergleich mit dem Betriebs-Schwellenwert schlecht abschneidet. 12.2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei der Betriebsparameter wenigstens eines aufweist von: Leistungspegel; Spitzenleistung zu mittlerer Leistung; Leistungsverstärker 1 dB Kompressionspunkt; benutzersteuerbare Eingabe; und Drahtlosprotokoll-Modulationsspezifikation. UPC CFI 52/20236 The defendants sell vehicles in Germany which contain an interior radar, defendants installed radar is used in the Federal Republic of Germany without the plaintiff's consent. and not limited to it. Any vehicles of the defendant which are equipped with an interior radar which makes use of the technical teaching of the patent in suit are attacked. The Tesla Model Y and its interior radar are shown below: The following shows the removed circuit board of the radar from the Tesla Model Y purchased by the plaintiff:2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/20237 In the centre, on the front of the board, there is a chip from the manufacturer Texas Instruments. The labelling shows that it is an AWR6843 chip. The manufacturer provides data sheets and additional information on the website https://www.ti.com/product/AWR6843. Extracts from the website with a list of the documents available there for the AWR6843 chip are available as Annex K7. The data sheet for AWR6843 (available at https://www.ti.com/product/AWR6843#tech- docs) is available as Appendix K8. chip mmWave 64 GHz operates, as shown on page 1 of the data sheet of Appendix K8: The AWR6843 chip is a radar transmitter and receiver that can be operated in (at least) two modes, namely in a normal mode and in a calibration mode. A calibration detects deviations from a desired normal operation and thus enables the adjustment of various parameters, for example to achieve a desired radiated signal. The calibration mode is therefore used to fine- tune the radar transmitter in order to detect and correct errors and thus improve the accuracy and reliability of the system. The two modes normal mode and calibration mode are programmable, e.g. with regard to the sequence of modes, radiated signal, etc. The AWR6843 chip is designed for fast chirp systems according to the data sheet in Appendix K8 Signal processing refers to a signal whose frequency, i.e. the number of oscillations per time unit, changes over time. The following illustration (from https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp) shows the time course of a chirp in blue. The time course of a sinusoidal signal is shown here with the time on the horizontal axis and the amplitude of the signal, which oscillates around a zero position, on the vertical axis: For the special case of a linear chirp, the frequency increases linearly with time. Linear chirps are shown as an example in the following figure (adapted from https://www.ti.com/lit/an/swra553a/swra553a.pdf, which is available in the technical documentation section of the AWR6843 website, https://www.ti.com/product/AWR6843#tech- docs, and is also available as Appendix K10), where the horizontal axis indicates the time curve and the vertical axis the frequency:2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/20238 The AWR6843 radar chip emits such chirps and receives them after they have been reflected by objects in the vicinity. Information about these objects in the vicinity of the radar chip can be obtained. For example, the direction and/or distance to the object or the relative speed between the transmitter and the object can be determined. By using chirps with varying frequencies, the radar system can therefore obtain information in different applications. In other words, the transmitter of the radar chip communicates with the receiver of the radar chip so that the receiver receives information about the environment. Appendix K8 contains a block diagram of the AWR6843 chip used in the attacked embodiment (cf. p. 3). Coloured markings have been applied in the following diagram. The chip contains a transmitter (part), which is marked in red in the block diagram shown below, and a receiver (part), which is marked with a green dashed line: The transmitter can be operated in two modes, namely normal mode and calibration mode. Normal mode corresponds to the usual functionality of the radar for detecting objects. The chirps are transmitted according to the selected profile and received after reflection. The plaintiff is of the opinion that the defendants are making direct or indirect use of the technical teaching of claims 1, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 by manufacturing and selling vehicles with the interior radar described above. The defendants dispute the plaintiff's right to bring an action and the infringement of the patent in suit. The interior radar does not make use of the features. The plaintiff already incorrectly describes the functionality of the contested chip. The challenged chip is in cabin radar e via the2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/20239 The receiver is responsible for transmitting and receiving signals (electromagnetic waves) from objects by comparing a transmitted signal with the corresponding reflected signal on the receiving end in order to derive information about objects from the reflection. The main signal processing therefore takes place in the receiver. The underlying radar technology therefore does not involve the transmission of data from one communication device to another communication device. There is no baseband signal (useful signal) that can be up-conversion e es at the attacked chip on a baseband processing module for converting outgoing data into a complex signal (feature group 1.1) and the mixing of a complex signal with a signal from a local oscillator (feature group 1.2). Against this background, the realisation of feature group 1.3 was also ruled out from the outset. The plaintiff's submission with regard to claims 5 and 6 was hardly comprehensible and in any case inconclusive. Therefore, the patent in suit was neither directly infringed to the extent of the independent claim 1 nor to the extent of the further asserted claims 5 and 6. Similarly, claims 7, 11 and 12 were neither directly nor indirectly infringed. The defendants also challenge the patent in suit with actions for revocation. In these, the defendants refer to the following documents and citations: Annex WK1 Specimen of the patent in suit EP 1 838 002 B1 Annex WK2 Original application Attachment WK3 Priority document US 388822 Attachment WK4 Priority document US 494682 Attachment WK5 Characteristic structure Annex WK6 Extract from the European Patent Register for WO 2007/010091 A1 Citation D1 US 2005/0135502 A1 Citation D2 WO 02/065649 A2 Citation D3 WO 2007/010091 A1 Citation D4 US 2006/0038710 A1 Citation D5 US 6,906,996 B2 Citation D6 Citation D7 Citation D8 Citation D9 -GHz Polar Modulated CMOS RF Power Amplifier for GSM- Citation D10 Citation D11 US 2005/0191976 A1 The plaintiff has countered the defendant's presentation. It defends the patent in suit with auxiliary requests. In this respect, the defendants argue that the plaintiff's defence to the counterclaims for invalidity does not contain an admissible application to amend the patent. The application for amendment of the patent filed on 8 April 2024 is also time-barred and therefore inadmissible. In the defendant's view, it should not be allowed later, even with the permission of the court. Reference is made to the submitted documents and other documents for further details.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202310APPLICATIONS BY THE PARTIES The complaint: The applicant claims that the Court should: I. The defendants are ordered to refrain from 1.1 a programmable hybrid transmitter having a baseband processing module coupled to convert outgoing data to a complex signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode, and to convert the outgoing data to at least one of a normalised complex signal, offset information and transmission characteristic information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode, an upconverter module coupled to mix the complex signal with a local oscillation to produce an upconverted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode, and to mix the normalised complex signal with the local oscillation based on the offset information, a power amplifier circuit coupled to amplify the up- converted signal to generate an outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode, and to amplify the normalised up-converted signal based on the transmit characteristic information to generate the outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode, to manufacture, offer, place on the market, use or import or possess for the aforementioned purposes in the Federal Republic of Germany, in particular if they are installed in vehicles of the defendant (claim 1 of EP 1 838 002, direct infringement) in particular when 1.2 in the case of the programmable hybrid transmitter referred to in point I.1.1, the baseband processing module also operates in such a way that it: monitors an operating parameter of the programmable hybrid transmitter; if the operating parameter compares favourably with an operating threshold, sets the programmable hybrid transmitter to the first mode; and if the operating parameter performs poorly compared to the operating threshold, placing the programmable hybrid transmitter in the second mode; (direct infringement of claim 5 of EP 1 838 002) and in particular when 1.3 in the case of the programmable hybrid transmitter referred to in point I.1.2, the operating parameter has at least one of: - Power level; - Peak power to medium power; - Power amplifier 1 dB compression point; - user-controllable input; and - Wireless protocol modulation specification; (direct infringement of claim 6 of EP 1 838 002); and/or2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202311 2.1 a method for use with a programmable hybrid transmitter that includes a baseband processing module, an upconverter module and a power amplifier circuit, in the Federal Republic of Germany, whereby the procedure includes converting, by the baseband processing module, outgoing data into a complex signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode; converting, by the baseband processing module, the outgoing data into at least one of a normalised complex signal, offset information, and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode; mixing, by the upconversion module, the complex signal with a localised complex signal, offset information, and transmit property information: a normalised complex signal, offset information and transmit characteristics information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode; mixing, by the upconversion module, the complex signal with a local oscillation to produce an upconverted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode; mixing, by the upconverter module, the normalised complex signal with the local oscillation based on the offset information to produce a normalised upconverted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode; amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit, the upconverted signal to produce an outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode; and amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit, the normalised upconverted signal to produce an outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode. up- converted signal based based on the transmit characteristic information to generate the outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode, in particular insofar as it is used in vehicles of the defendant (claim 7 of EP 1 838 002, direct infringement), especially if 2.2 the procedure pursuant to Section I.2.1. also includes Monitoring, by the baseband processing module, of an operating parameter of the programmable hybrid transmitter; setting, by the baseband processing module, the programmable hybrid transmitter to the first mode when the operating parameter compares favourably with an operating threshold; and Set, by the baseband processing module, the programmable hybrid transmitter to the second mode if the operating parameter performs poorly compared to the operating threshold; (direct infringement of claim 11 of EP 1 838 002); and in particular if 2.3 in the process according to point I.2.2. the operating parameter has at least one of: - Power level; - Peak power to medium power; - Power amplifier 1 dB compression point; - user-controllable input; and - Wireless protocol modulation specification; (direct infringement of claim 12 of EP 1 838 002); and/or2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202312 3.1 to offer or supply devices to third parties for use in the Federal Republic of Germany, that are suitable for this purpose, a method for use in a programmable hybrid transmitter having a baseband processing module, an upconverter module and a power amplifier circuit, the method comprising: converting, by the baseband processing module, outgoing data into a complex signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode; converting, by the baseband processing module, the outgoing data into at least one of a normalised complex signal, offset information, and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode; mixing, by the upconversion module, the complex signal with a localised complex signal, offset information, and transmit property information: a normalised complex signal, offset information and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode; mixing, by the upconversion module, the complex signal with a local oscillation to produce an upconverted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode; mixing, by the upconversion module, the normalised complex signal with the local oscillation based on the offset information to produce a normalised upconverted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode; amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit, the up-converted signal to produce an outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode; and amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit, the normalised up-converted signal based on the transmission characteristic information to produce the outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode, to be carried out, in particular insofar as they are installed in vehicles of the defendant (claim 7 of EP 1 838 002, contributory infringement), especially if, 3.2 the procedure in accordance with Section I.3.1. also includes Monitoring, by the baseband processing module, of an operating parameter of the programmable hybrid transmitter; Set, by the baseband processing module, the programmable hybrid transmitter to the first mode when the operating parameter is set to the second mode in comparison with a operating threshold performs well; and setting, by the baseband processing module, the programmable hybrid seeder to the second mode if the operating parameter performs poorly compared to the operating threshold; (indirect infringement of claim 11 of EP 1 838 002); and in particular if 3.3 in the process according to point I.3.2. the operating parameter has at least one of: - Power level; - Peak power to medium power; - Power amplifier 1 dB compression point; - user-controllable input; and - Wireless protocol modulation specification; (indirect infringement of claim 12 of EP 1 838 002).2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202313 Alternatively to 1.1 to 3.3: 4.1 a programmable hybrid transmitter having a baseband processing module coupled to convert outgoing data into a complex signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode, and to convert the outgoing data into a normalised complex signal, offset information and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode, an upconverter module coupled to mix the complex signal with a local oscillation to produce an upconverted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode, and to mix the normalised complex signal with the local oscillation based on the offset information, a power amplifier circuit coupled to amplify the up-converted signal to generate an outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode, and to amplify the normalised up-converted signal based on the transmit characteristic information to generate the outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode, to manufacture, offer, place on the market, use or import or possess for the aforementioned purposes in the Federal Republic of Germany, in particular if they are installed in vehicles of the defendant (claim 1 of EP 1 838 002 according to auxiliary request, direct infringement), in particular if 4.2 in the case of the programmable hybrid transmitter referred to in point I.4.1, the baseband processing module also operates in such a way that it: monitors an operating parameter of the programmable hybrid transmitter; if the operating parameter compares favourably with an operating threshold, sets the programmable hybrid transmitter to the first mode; and if the operating parameter performs poorly in comparison with the operating threshold, the programmable hybrid transmitter is set to the second mode; (direct infringement of claim 5 of EP 1 838 002 according to the auxiliary request) and in particular if 4.3 for the programmable hybrid transmitter according to section I.4.2, the operating parameter has at least one of: - Power level; - Peak power to medium power; - Power amplifier 1 dB compression point; - user-controllable input; and - Wireless protocol modulation specification; (direct infringement of claim 6 of EP 1 838 002 according to the auxiliary request); and/or 5.1 a method for use in a programmable hybrid transmitter comprising a baseband processing module, an upconverter module and a power amplifier circuit, in the Federal Republic of Germany,2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202314 wherein the method comprises: converting, by the baseband processing module, outgoing data into a complex signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode; converting, by the baseband processing module, the outgoing data into a normalised complex signal, offset information and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode; mixing, by the upconversion module, the complex signal with offset information and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a third mode: a normalised complex signal, offset information and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode; mixing, by the up-conversion module, the complex signal with a local oscillation to produce an up-converted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode; mixing, by the up-conversion module, the normalised complex signal with the local oscillation based on the offset information to produce a normalised up-converted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode; amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit, the up-converted signal to produce an outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode; and amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit, the normalised up-converted signal based on the transmit characteristic information to produce the outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode, in particular if it is used in vehicles of the defendant (claim 7 of EP 1 838 002 according to the auxiliary request, direct infringement), in particular if 5.2 the procedure pursuant to Section I.5.1. also includes Monitoring, by the baseband processing module, of an operating parameter of the programmable hybrid transmitter; setting, by the baseband processing module, the programmable hybrid transmitter to the first mode when the operating parameter compares favourably with an operating threshold; and Set, by the baseband processing module, the programmable hybrid transmitter to the second mode if the operating parameter performs poorly compared to the operating threshold; (direct infringement of claim 11 of EP 1 838 002 according to the auxiliary request); and in particular if 5.3 in the process according to point I.5.2. the operating parameter has at least one of: - Power level; - Peak power to medium power; - Power amplifier 1 dB compression point; - user-controllable input; and - Wireless protocol modulation specification; (direct infringement of claim 12 of EP 1 838 002 according to the auxiliary request); and/or 6.1 to offer or supply devices to third parties for use in the Federal Republic of Germany, that are suitable for this purpose,2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202315 a method for use in a programmable hybrid transmitter having a baseband processing module, an upconverter module and a power amplifier circuit, the method comprising: converting, by the baseband processing module, outgoing data into a complex signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode; converting, by the baseband processing module, the outgoing data into a normalised complex signal, offset information and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode; mixing, by the upconversion module, the complex signal with offset information and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a third mode: a normalised complex signal, offset information and transmit property information when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode; mixing, by the up-conversion module, the complex signal with a local oscillation to produce an up-converted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode; mixing, by the upconversion module, the normalised complex signal with the local oscillation based on the offset information to produce a normalised upconverted signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode; amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit, the up-converted signal to produce an outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode; and amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit, the normalised up-converted signal based on the transmit characteristic information to produce the outgoing RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode, to be carried out, in particular if they are installed in vehicles of the defendant (claim 7 of EP 1 838 002 according to the auxiliary request, indirect infringement), in particular if, 6.2 the procedure in accordance with Section I.6.1. also includes Monitoring, by the baseband processing module, of an operating parameter of the programmable hybrid transmitter; setting, by the baseband processing module, the programmable hybrid transmitter to the first mode when the operating parameter compares favourably with an operating threshold; and Set, by the baseband processing module, the programmable hybrid transmitter to the second mode if the operating parameter performs poorly compared to the operating threshold. (indirect infringement of claim 11 of EP 1 838 002 according to the auxiliary request); and in particular if 6.3 in the process according to point I.6.2. the operating parameter has at least one of: - Power level; - Peak power to medium power; - Power amplifier 1 dB compression point; - user-controllable input; and - Wireless protocol modulation specification. (indirect infringement of claim 12 of EP 1 838 002 according to the auxiliary request). II. It is established that the current model of the Tesla Model Y Performance infringes EP 1 838 002 due to the devices contained therein in accordance with Section I.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202316 III. The defendants are ordered to pay, at their own expense 1. to recall the products from the distribution channels in accordance with Clause I; 2. to permanently remove the products pursuant to Clause I from the distribution channels and 3. to destroy the products pursuant to Clause I in its possession. IV. The defendants are ordered to provide the plaintiff with the following information: - Origin and distribution channels of the products according to item I., - the quantities produced, manufactured, delivered, received or ordered and the prices paid for the products in accordance with Section I and - the identity of all third parties involved in the manufacture or distribution of products in accordance with Section I. V. The plaintiff is authorised to announce and publish the decision in whole or in part in public media, whereby the defendant is to reimburse the costs for a full-page publication (print) in five national daily newspapers and five specialist media, in each case at the plaintiff's discretion. VI. In the event of any infringement of 1. the decision pursuant to Section I. and 2. against the Orders pursuant to Sections III and IV the defendants shall pay a repeated penalty payment to the court, the amount of which shall be determined by the court. VII. It is established that the defendants must pay compensation to the plaintiff for any damage incurred and to be incurred due to the actions pursuant to Section I since 29 October 2018, whereby the amount of the damage is to be determined in subordinate proceedings. VIII. The defendants are also ordered to pay EUR 50,000.00 as liquidated damages for the time being. The defendants claim: 1. The action is dismissed. 2. Orders the applicant to pay the costs. In the further alternative, the following is requested 1. The enforcement of the decision is dependent on the provision of security by the plaintiff, whereby the security can be provided in the form of a bank guarantee. 2. Ordered that the information be provided only to an auditor to be named by the plaintiff, who is also bound to secrecy vis-à-vis the plaintiff. 3. It is ordered that the data and information to be communicated in the context of the provision of information is confidential information that must be treated as strictly confidential and may not be used or disclosed outside the present legal dispute, even after its conclusion. The plaintiff may only make the specified information accessible to those representatives and internally only to those employees who have a legitimate interest in it. Internal access is to be limited to a maximum of three reliable persons who are to be named to the court and the defendants. Any further access to the designated information must be declared unauthorised.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202317 The defendants communicated the amount of the required security in the document dated 24 May 2024 (App 30368/2024). Parts of the content are confidential. On the counterclaim: The defendants claim: 1. The European patent EP 1 838 002 is declared invalid in its entirety. 2. Orders the applicant to pay the costs. The applicant claims that the Court should: 1. The action for annulment is dismissed. 2. In the alternative: The patent-in-suit is amended and maintained pursuant to Rule 30 RoP on the basis of the attached set of claims [Annexes K24-27]. 3. Orders the defendants to pay the costs. REASONS The admissible counterclaims are well-founded. The patent in suit must be declared invalid on the counterclaims. The admissible action must be dismissed. A. Admissibility Claims and counterclaims are admissible. The counterclaims were directed against the registered patent proprietor pursuant to Rules 25, 42, 8.6 RoP, so that the substantive entitlement to the patent in suit can be left open in the context of the counterclaim. Since the infringement action must be dismissed due to the declaration of invalidity of the patent in suit, the question of active legitimisation in the context of the infringement action can also be left aside. B. Patent in suit I. In its Order in 10x and Harvard v Nanostring (UPC CoA 335/2023 App 576355/2023, GRUR 2024, 527), the UPC Court of Appeal adopted the following standard for the interpretation of patent claims: In accordance with Art. 69 of the Convention on the Grant of European Patents (EPC) and the Protocol on its Interpretation, the UPC Court of Appeal proceeds on the basis of the following principles. The patent claim is not only the starting point, but the decisive basis for determining the scope of protection of the European patent. The interpretation of a patent claim does not depend solely on its exact wording in the linguistic sense. Rather, the description and the drawings as explanatory aids for the interpretation of the patent claim must always be taken into account.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202318 and not just to eliminate any ambiguities in the patent claim. However, this does not mean that the patent claim merely serves as a guideline and that its subject matter also extends to what, after examination of the description and the drawings, appears to be the patentee's request for protection. The patent claim is to be interpreted from the perspective of the person skilled in the art. When applying these principles, appropriate protection for the patent proprietor should be combined with sufficient legal certainty for third parties. These principles for the interpretation of a patent claim apply equally to the assessment of infringement and the legal validity of a European patent. This follows from the function of the patent claims which, under the European Patent Convention, serve to define the scope of protection of the patent under Art. 69 EPC and thus the rights of the patent proprietor in the designated Contracting States under Art. 64 EPC, taking into account the conditions for patentability under Art. 52 to 57 EPC. II. Applying the principles of claim interpretation set out in Section I, the local division interprets the patent-in-suit as follows: 1. The invention claimed by the patent in suit lies in the field of radio frequency transmitters 2. As correctly stated by the defendants in their actions for annulment and not disputed by the plaintiff, the relevant expert is an engineer specialising in electrical engineering with a university degree and several years of experience in the field of high-frequency circuits, who has spent several years working in particular on the design of transceivers and modulation techniques for data transmission. 3. According to the description of the patent in suit, communication systems are known to support wireless or wired communication between communication devices. Such communication systems range from mobile telephony systems to the Internet to wireless point-to-point networks in the home, each communication system operating according to one or more communication standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, GSM, CDMA, RFID (para. [0003]). Depending on the type of wireless communication system, wireless communication devices, e.g. mobile phones, communicate with other wireless communication devices via at least one channel point to point communication wireless communication, each wireless communication device communicates directly with an associated base station (e.g. mobile services) and/or an associated access point (e.g. for a wireless network in the home or in a building) via an assigned channel (para. [0004]). To participate in wireless communication, wireless communication devices had either inbuilt radio transceiver radio transceiver (e.g. a station for wireless communication networks in the home and/or in buildings) (par. [0005]). The patent in suit describes two basic types of radio transmitters in the prior art, Cartesian based transmitter Polar based transmitter2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202319 mapping ) A Cartesian-based transmitter comprises circuits for baseband processing and RF transmission ciruitry baseband processing, outgoing data would be encoded, punctured, assigned to a signal space - phase signal component (I) and a quadrature signal component (Q), whereby the I signal component and the Q signal component are generated as analogue signals by means of a digital-to-analogue converter ( para. [ 0007]). The circuit for mixer direct direct conversion transmitters -The linear line amplifier generates a local oscillator signal and a Q local oscillator signal, which are mixed with the respective I signal components and Q signal components by means of a mixer. The resulting signals are summed to generate a high-frequency signal that is amplified by the linear line amplifier. The amplified high-frequency signal could be filtered using a bandpass filter before transmission (para. [0008]). A Cartesian-based transmitter has the advantages of a single-sideband transmitter, i.e. there are no additional negative frequencies in the I and Q signals that need to be filtered (para. [0009]). A transmitter based on polar coordinates also includes circuits for baseband processing and high-frequency transmission. In the context of baseband processing can be converted. For example, after puncturing, the encoded values could be interleaved to produce a first and a second interleaved value, where the first interleaved value would be mapped to an amplitude value of A0 and a phase value of 0 and the second interleaved value would be mapped to an amplitude value of A1 and a phase value of 1 (para. [0010]). The high frequency transmission circuit comprises a local oscillator and a power amplifier. The which generates a local oscillation at a desired radio frequency that is modulated based on the phase values 0 and 1. The phase modulated radio frequency signal is then amplitude modulated by the power amplifier according to the respective amplitude values A0 and A1 to produce a phase and amplitude modulated RF signal (Ref. [0011]). The transmitter based on polar coordinates offers the advantages of a lower requirement for high-frequency filtering due to the response behaviour of the PLL and the use of a non-linear power amplifier, which can provide a higher output power than a linear power amplifier with the same chip area (para. [0012]). Moreover, the patent in suit cites US 2005/0191976 as prior art, which describes a radio frequency transmitter using two digital-to-radio frequency converters to convert digital baseband signals into radio frequency signals. In Cartesian mode, baseband signals would be passed to the converter modules for radio frequency conversion and in polar mode, the baseband signals would be converted into amplitude and phase data. The phase data portion would be converted into I and Q data portions, which would be converted into radio frequency signals by the converter modules and modulated in a power amplifier with the amplitude data portion via the power supply of the power amplifier (para [0014]). In this prior art, the patent in suit describes it as disadvantageous that in Cartesian-based transmitters the transmission path (i.e. mixer and power amplifier) is linear, i.e. the transmission path is not linear. loss of data resolution Furthermore, this linearity requirement limits the output line of the power amplifier (para. [0009]). On the other hand, it is disadvantageous for transmitters based on polar coordinates that2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202320the response behaviour of the PLL of high-frequency transmitters is limited to narrowband applications. Maintaining synchronisation between the phase values and the amplitude values could be difficult due to the delays within the PLL. In addition, real signals would be used in baseband processing, so that possible negative frequencies would have to be taken into account (para. [0012]). 4. According to the description of the patent in suit, the patent in suit is therefore based on the task of providing a programmable hybrid transmitter which combines the advantages of the Cartesian-based transmitters and transmitters based on polar coordinates known in the prior art and at the same time overcomes the disadvantages associated with the respective transmitters, for example the linearity requirement for mixers and power amplifiers in the transmission path and the applicability for only narrow bandwidths (para [0013]). 5. To solve this problem, the patent in suit protects a programmable hybrid transmitter in accordance with the combination of features set out in claim 1 and a method for use in a programmable hybrid transmitter with the method steps characterised in claim 7. Claims 1 and 7 can be presented in the form of a feature structure in the relevant English- language version of the claim and in the German-language translation as follows: Claim 1:2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com EN DE 1. A programmable hybrid transmitter comprises: Programmierbarer Hybrid-Sender mit: 1.1 a baseband processing module (76, 100) coupled einem Basisband-Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), das gekoppelt ist, um 1.1.1 to convert outbound data (94) into a complex signal (138) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode (134) and abgehende Daten (94) in ein komplexes Signal (138) umzuwandeln, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender in einem ersten Modus (134) befindet, und 1.1.2 to convert the outbound data (94) into at least one of: a normalized complex signal (140), offset information (142), and transmit property information (144) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode (136); die abgehenden Daten (94) in wenigstens eines umzuwandeln von: einem normalisierten komplexen Signal (140), Offset-Informationen (142) und Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144), wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid- Sender in einem zweiten Modus (136) befindet; 1.2 an up-conversion module (130) coupled einem Aufwärtskonvertiermodul (130), das gekoppelt ist, 1.2.1 to mix the complex signal (138) with a local oscillation to produce an up- converted signal (146) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode (134) and um das komplexe Signal (138) mit einer lokalen Oszillation zu mischen, um ein hinaufkonvertiertes Signal (146) zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im ersten Modus (134) befindet, und UPC CFI 52/202321 Claim 7:2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com 1.2.2 to mix the normalized complex signal (140) with the local oscillation based on the offset information (142) to produce a normalized up-converted signal (148) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode (136); and um das normalisierte komplexe Signal (140) mit der lokalen Oszillation basierend auf den Offset-Informationen (142) zu mischen, um ein normalisiertes hinaufkonvertiertes Signal (148) zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im zweiten Modus (136) befindet; und 1.3 a power amplifier circuit (132) coupled einer Leistungsverstärkerschaltung (132), die gekoppelt ist 1.3.1 to amplify the up-converted signal (146) to produce an outbound RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode (134) and um das hinaufkonvertierte Signal (146) zu verstärken, um ein abgehendes HF- Signal zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im ersten Modus (134) befindet, und 1.3.2 to amplify the normalized up-converted signal (148) based on the transmit property information (144) to produce the outbound RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode (136). um das normalisierte hinaufkonvertierte Signal (148) basierend auf den Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144) zu verstärken, um das abgehende HF- Signal zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im zweiten Modus (136) befindet. EN DE 7. A method for use in a programmable hybrid transmitter comprising a baseband processing module (76, 100), an up- conversion module (130) and a power amplifier circuit (132), the method comprising: Verfahren zur Verwendung bei einem programmierbaren Hybrid-Sender, der ein Basisband-Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), ein Aufwärtskonvertiermodul (130) und eine Leistungsverstärkerschaltung (132) aufweist, wobei das Verfahren umfasst: 7.1.1 converting, by the baseband processing module (76, 100), outbound data (94) into a complex signal (138) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a first mode (134); Konvertieren, durch das Basisband-Ver- arbeitungsmodul (76, 100), abgehender Daten (94) in ein komplexes Signal, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid- Sender in einem ersten Modus befindet; 7.1.2 converting, by the baseband processing module (76, 100), the outbound data (94) into at least one of: a normalized complex signal (140), offset information (142), and transmit property information (144) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode (136); Konvertieren, durch das Basisband- Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), der abgehenden Daten (94) in wenigstens eines von: einem normalisierten komplexen Signal (140), Offset- Informationen (142) und Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144), wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid- Sender in einem zweiten Modus (136) befindet; UPC CFI 52/202322 Figures 4 and 5 below explain the technical teaching of the patent in suit by means of a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the programmable hybrid transmitter with its two different operating modes. Figure 4 shows the programmable hybrid transmitter in its first mode and Figure 5 shows the programmable hybrid transmitter in its second mode.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com 7.2.1 mixing, by the up-conversion module (130), the complex signal (138) with a local oscillation to produce an up- converted signal (146) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode (134); Mischen, durch das Aufwärts- konvertiermodul (130), des komplexen Signals (138) mit einer lokalen Oszillation, um ein hinaufkonvertiertes Signal (146) zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im ersten Modus (134) befindet; 7.2.2 mixing, by the up-conversion module (130), the normalized complex signal (140) with the local oscillation based on the offset information (142) to produce a normalized up-converted signal (148) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode (136); Mischen, durch das Aufwärtskonvertiermodul (130), des normalisierten komplexen Signals (140) mit der lokalen Oszillation basierend auf den Offset-Informationen (142), um ein normalisiertes hinaufkonvertiertes Signal (148) zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im zweiten Modus (136) befindet; 7.3.1 amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit (132), the up-converted signal (146) to produce an outbound RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the first mode (134); and Verstärken, durch die Leistungs- verstärkerschaltung (132), des hinaufkonvertierten Signals (146), um ein abgehendes HF-Signal zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid- Sender im ersten Modus (134) befindet; und 7.3.2 amplifying, by the power amplifier circuit (132), the normalized up-converted signal (148) based on the transmit property information (144) to produce the outbound RF signal when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode (136). Verstärken, durch die Leistungs- verstärkerschaltung (132), des normalisierten hinaufkonvertierten Signals (148) basierend auf den Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144), um das abgehende HF-Signal zu erzeugen, wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid-Sender im zweiten Modus (136) befindet. UPC CFI 52/202323 In the first mode, according to Figure 4, the outgoing data (94) is converted by a baseband processing module (76/100) to a complex signal (138), the complex signal having a real component and an imaginary component (para [0042]). The complex signal (138) is then mixed with the signal of a higher frequency local oscillator by an up-conversion module (130), whereby the up-converted signal (146) is generated (para [0043]). Finally, the up-converted signal (146) is amplified by a power amplifier circuit (132) to generate the outgoing RF signal in the first mode (par. [0043]). In the second mode, as shown in Figure 5, the outgoing data (94) is converted by the baseband processing module (76/100) into a normalised complex signal (140), offset information (142) and transmit property information (144) (para [0044]). The normalised complex signal has a normalised real component and a normalised imaginary component normalised to a desired value (e.g. 1) (par. [0046] and [0051]). Offset information (142) may include, for example, phase modulation data, frequency modulation data, frequency hopping data, and/or channel selection data (par. [0045]). Transmit characteristic information (144) may include, for example, amplitude modulation data and/or power control data (par. [0045]). The normalised complex signal (140) is then mixed with the signal of a higher frequency local oscillator by the up-conversion module (130), thereby generating a normalised up-converted signal (148) (par. [0046]), which is finally amplified by power amplifier circuitry (132) based on the transmit characteristics information (144) to generate the outgoing RF signal in the second mode (par. [0047]).2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202324 Figure 6 shows further details of the specific technical design of the programmable hybrid transmitter according to the embodiment example shown in Figures 4 and 5. 6. Claim 1, feature group 1 with features 1.1.1 and 1.1.2 to convert the outbound data (94) into at least one of: a normalised complex signal (140), offset information (142), and transmit property information (144) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode a) Sub-feature In the English language, an enumeration of elements using the phrase "at least one of: A, B, and C" from an enumeration of elements using the phrase "at least one of: A, B, or C". The use of the word "and" can be understood to mean that in feature 1.1.2, the elements thus enumerated are to be understood cumulatively in the sense of "at least one of A, and at least one of B, and at least one of C". On the other hand, when using the word "or", the fact is that the at least one of A, or at least one of B, or at least on of C".2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202325 The applicant is of the opinion that feature 1.1.2 would be realised if the outgoing data were converted into a normalised complex signal (complaint, page 40, paragraph 137). The defendants are of the opinion that characteristic 1.1.2 is already fulfilled if in the and/or Offset information and/or (Statement of defence page 16, para. 137). However, these views cannot be accepted when all the features of claim 1 are considered as a whole. The two features 1.2.2 and 1.3.2, like feature 1.1.2, characterise the hybrid transmitter in the second mode. In particular, in feature 1.2.2, in each case with the definite article times 1.3.2 Thus, all of the elements listed in feature 1.1.2 in conjunction with the other features 1.2.2 and 1.3.2 are mandatory and therefore cumulatively claimed. Consequently at least one of: a normalised complex signal (140), offset information (142), and transmit property information at least one totality of all three elements mentioned in feature 1.1.2 consisting of and information (1 and baseband processing module, when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in the second mode, the outgoing data is converted into a normalised complex signal (140) and into offset information (142) and transmission characteristic information (144). Nothing else results from the understanding conveyed to the person skilled in the art by the description and the embodiments of the hybrid transmitter according to the patent in suit shown in Figures 5, 6 and 9. In this mode, the baseband processing module 76 or 100 converts the outbound data 94 into a normalised complex signal 140, offset information 142, and transmit property information 144 As the defendants correctly explain, according to the understanding of the relevant person skilled in the art, a complex signal according to the patent in suit exists if the signal has a real component and an imaginary component, i.e. is divided into two signal components (para. [0042]). A complex signal within the meaning of the patent-in-suit may, for example, have an in-phase signalling component (I) and a quadrature signalling component (Q). It is clear to the skilled person from the patent in suit that by linking the in-phase signal component (I) with the cosine and the quadrature signal component (Q) with the sine, the two signal components of the complex signal are shifted by 90 degrees in relation to each other and thus Furthermore, the person skilled in the art is generally aware that by splitting the signal to be transmitted into two orthogonal signal components, circuits of -2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202326 I/Q modulation (see also Appendix B 3, page 10). The patent in suit also points out that the I and Q signals of a Cartesian transmitter do not generate any additional negative frequencies and therefore the Cartesian transmitter has the advantages of a single sideband transmitter (para. [0009]). From the two embodiments of the hybrid transmitter shown in detail in Figures 6 and 9, it can be seen that the two signal components of the complex signal in the baseband processing module are routed and processed separately from each other on separate paths until they are summed at the output of the upconverter module. This is shown in the above Figure 6 of the patent in suit by highlighting in colour the separate processing paths for the I signal component (red colour) of the complex signal and the Q signal components (green colour) of the complex signal. The same situation for processing the complex signal in separate processing paths can also be seen in Figure 9. Furthermore, the patent in suit conveys that it is disadvantageous for a transmitter based on polar coordinates that the baseband processing uses real signals and therefore possible negative frequencies must be taken into account (para. [0012]). In summary, it is apparent to the skilled person that the protected teaching of the patent in suit relates to the processing of complex signals in the baseband processing module according to the invention, wherein the complex signal is split into two orthogonal signal components, the two signal components are each processed in separate paths and only recombined into a single signal by summation at the output of the upconverter module, this combined signal in turn being fed to the power amplifier circuit to generate the outgoing RF signal. The defendants must therefore be agreed that a complex signal necessarily has a real and an imaginary component, whereby in signal processing the two signal components are each treated as real signals and consequently passed on to a separate signal path (statement of defence of 18 October 2023, page 19, 4th paragraph). Therefore, contrary to the plaintiff's view, a signal that can be described by the instantaneous value of the amplitude and the instantaneous value of the phase is not a complex signal within the meaning of the patent in suit. In order to transmit the information contained in the outgoing data, the complex signal is modulated according to a modulation scheme of a data transmission standard. According to the respective modulation scheme, instantaneous values are assigned to the real and imaginary components of the complex signal, whereby the information contained in the outgoing data is carried by the amplitude and phase information of the complex signal. c) Partial characteristic Based on the interpretation of the term for the complex signal, which necessarily has a real and an imaginary component, the normalisation of the complex signal can be2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202327 according to the patent in suit by setting the amplitude of the real component and the amplitude of the imaginary component to a desired value (e.g. 1) (paragraph [0046]). The normalisation of the complex signal can be carried out as shown in Figure 6. conversion module 152 conversion module 154 The defendant's statements that the existence of a complex signal provides for normalisation for each of the two signal components (duplicate application for amendment of the patent, page 11, 2nd paragraph) must be agreed with. In a normalisation of a complex signal whose I component and Q component are normalised by s e t t i n g the amplitude of the I component and the amplitude of the Q component to 1, carried out in accordance with paragraphs [0050] and [0051] of the patent in suit, the result of the normalisation measures is that the amplitude of the normalised I component and the amplitude of the normalised Q component no longer change over time. Simplified, the normalisation of a complex signal with the I component and the Q component can be represented as follows: In this representation, is the amplitude of the I-component, is the amplitude of the Q-component and is the radian of the data. In particular, can correspond to the frequency of the nth subcarrier of an OFDM- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (paragraph [0050]). d) Partial features - If the two amplitudes and are each set to the value 1 by normalising the complex signal, it is readily apparent to the specialist that the amplitudes and of the complex signal at a given point in time are the same. amplitude information, for example amplitude modulation data, and the phase information for example phase modulation data, can be changed (par. [0052]). Consequently, it is also clear to the specialist that the normalisation of the complex signals and additional measures are urgently required to counteract this loss of information caused by normalisation. According to the teaching of the patent in suit, these additional measures are based on those transmit property information -2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202328 Information of the complex signal. To avoid a loss of information, the amplitude changes caused by the normalisation of the complex signal are taken into account by the transmission characteristic information and the phase changes caused by the normalisation of the complex signal are taken into account by the offset information. Thus, it is the understanding of the person skilled in the art that the manipulation of the real and imaginary signal components associated with the normalisation of the complex signal a l t e r s the amplitude information and phase information contained in the complex signal. According to the teaching of the patent in suit, the - The purpose is to retain the amplitude information and the phase information in the normalised complex signal so that the signal changes deliberately made during the normalisation of the complex signal can be reversed at a later point in time based on the transmission property information and the offset information elsewhere in the transmission path. By normalising the complex signal in the baseband processing module, a measure essential to the invention, the amplitudes of the real I-component and the amplitudes of the imaginary Q-component of a normalised complex signal are uniformly normalised to a desired value. In this way, the linearity requirement for mixers and power amplifiers in the transmission path, which is otherwise perceived as disadvantageous in Cartesian transmitters, can be reduced in an advantageous manner in the hybrid transmitter according to the patent in suit. As a result of the reduced linearity requirement on the mixer and power amplifier, a Cartesian transmitter with complex signal processing in the baseband can be improved to the extent that the output power of the power amplifier is less limited due to the reduced linearity requirement. At the same time, a loss of data resolution is prevented (para. [0009]). outgoing outbound outbound data is mentioned in features 1.1.1 regarding the first mode - and 1.1.2 regarding the second mode - with identical . In connection with the overall disclosure, the skilled person recognises that the same data is involved in each case, which, depending on the choice of mode, is converted into either a complex signal or a normalised complex signal, offset information and transmission property information before mixing, amplification and transmission. The choice of mode depends on the particular transmission requirements placed on the hybrid transmitter. According to the invention, changing the mode makes it possible to fulfil different transmission requirements with one and the same hardware. Therefore, in principle, any information present as outgoing data must have the chance to be treated either according to the first mode or according to the second mode, depending on the transmission requirements.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202329 mixer 170 e imaginary component of the co 72 LO module 74 mixer 7. Claim 1, feature group 1.2 with features 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 D up- conversion module 130 specialist in the light of the description, which in all embodiments of the hybrid transmitter provides for separate processing of the complex signal in a real and an imaginary component, essentially by means of a unit for quadrature modulation I/Q modulation The real component of the complex signal is processed by means of a first mixer and the imaginary component by means of a second mixer. di 1 The up-converted signal is generated in the up-converter module by summing the up- converted real component and the up-converted imaginary component of the complex signal. In the hybrid transmitter, the I/Q modulation [0009]). The scope of protection does not cover embodiments of the upconverter module in the form that is otherwise customary in the art for polar-based transmitters. According to the teaching of the patent in suit, the person skilled in the art regards it as disadvantageous if in the upconverter module - as is customary in a polar-based transmitter - the modulation of the upconverted signal is performed by a local oscillator in conjunction with a phase locked loop (PLL). With regard to feature 1.2.2, the defendant's view is correct that the offset information does not have to be added to the normalised complex signal in the course of upconversion (duplicate Application for amendment of the patent, page 13). In particular, the patent in suit assumes that mixing according to feature 1.2.2 based on offset information is also present if the normalised complex signal to be up-converted already contains offset information. According to both embodiments of the hybrid transmitter, the offset information is already added to the normalised complex signal in the baseband processing module. Figure 6 shows the corresponding modules in the respective paths of the normalised real offset adjust module 156 offset adjust module 158 information in the baseband processing module to the normalised complex signal (paragraph [0045]). Similarly, the hybrid transmitter according to Figure 9 provides corresponding modules in the error adjust module 208 module 210 Baseband- processing module in order to add information relating to a phase error to the data stored in the error adjust module 208 error adjust module 210 offset information (paragraph [0072]). According to the invention, feature 1.2.2 serves the purpose of restoring the original phase information in the normalised complex signal based on the offset information available at the time of upconversion. error adjust2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202330gena - On the basis of a such an understanding, it is not detrimental that those offset offset 8. Claim 1, feature group 1.3 with features 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 Finally, according to feature 1.3, the programmable hybrid transmitter has a power amplifier module signal is amplified in the respective mode to generate an outgoing RF signal. In the second mode, the special feature is that the line amplifier circuit amplifies the normalised up- converted signal based on the transmission characteristic information. With the understanding conveyed to the skilled person by the patent specification, feature 1.3.2 according to the invention serves the purpose of amplifying the normalised up-converted signal in the second mode based on the transmission characteristic information to the extent that the amplitude of the outgoing RF signal again corresponds to the original amplitude present before the normalisation of the complex signal. 9. Summary of claim 1 Based on these considerations, the local division comes to the conclusion that in feature 1.1.2 the offset information and the transmission characteristic information are necessarily directly related to the normalisation of the complex signal and in this context describe the extent of the phase information and amplitude information changed during the normalisation of the complex signal. Based on this judgement, feature 1.1.2 indeed necessarily and cumulatively claims the totality of all three information transmit property information are directly related to the normalised complex signal, further offset information, such as phase modulation data, frequency modulation data and/or channel selection data (par. [0045]) and further transmission characteristic information, such as amplitude modulation data and/or power control data (par. [0045]), may also be added. III. Patent claim 7 The steps of the method claimed in patent claim 7 correspond analogously to those of patent claim 1. Thus, the subject-matter of the adjacent patent claim 7 is subject to the same assessment as that of patent claim 1. The outgoing RF signal must always contain the amplitude and phase values that match the outgoing data in accordance with the modulation scheme specified in the respective data transmission standard. Due to the normalisation process, the phase and amplitude values are changed in the normalised complex signal and must be corrected in the transmission path. The correction of the phase values is based on the offset information and takes place in the up-conversion module. The correction of the amplitude values is based on the transmission property information and is carried out in the power amplifier module. Offset information and transmit characteristics information are not arbitrary, but are directly related to the conversion of the outgoing data into a normalised complex signal. They are used in the transmission path to recognise the signal generated by the2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202331 The amplitude and phase values caused by the normalisation of the complex signal must be corrected again. C. Validity The subject-matter of the patent in suit and of the auxiliary requests is not affected by citation D3 Multimode transmitter module, communication device and published on 25 January 2007, filed on 12 July 2006, priority dated 15 July 2005) is anticipated in a manner prejudicial to novelty. The patent in suit must therefore be declared invalid in its entirety. I. Art. 54 (3) EPC According to Art. 54 (3) EPC, an invention is considered to be new if it does not form part of the state of the art. To be considered part of the prior art in this sense, an invention must be directly and unambiguously disclosed in a single prior art document. It must be identical in its essential components, in the same form, with the same Order and with the same features. The lack of novelty also requires that the subject matter of the invention is directly and unambiguously derived from the prior art. This applies to all claim features. The standard for the disclosure content of a publication is what an average person skilled in the relevant field can and may know and understand (ACT 547520/2023 UPC CFI 233/2023 (LK München), GRUR-RS 2024, 19369). On the basis of this standard of examination, the subject-matter of claims 1 and 7 is anticipated by D3 to the detriment of novelty. II. Document D3 (WO 2007/010091 A1) 1. D3 is prior art according to Art. 54 (3) EPC. 2. The D3 discloses a transmitter that is capable of transmitting a signal through the use of various multimode transmitter communication standards for wireless data transmission. To this end, it is able to transmit data using a first standard and, after a mode change, using another second standard. With regard to the technical background, D3 states that a large number of different standards exist in the state of the art that define how data is transmitted in wireless communication systems (D3, para. [0002]). However, it is necessary to further simplify the structure of the transmitters compared to the prior art in order to save production costs and enable smaller terminals with a lower weight (D3, para. [0003]). The transmitter of D3 should therefore be suitable for various communication standards for the wireless transmission of data. However, in order to fulfil the purpose of keeping the devices as small as possible, as mentioned in the receipt, it largely refrains from duplicating components. The signals to be processed are therefore transmitted independently of common components and generated or processed by them. Figure 3 discloses the function of the claimed features 1.1.1, 1.2.1 and 1.3.1, each of which relates to the first mode of the hybrid transmitter according to the patent in suit.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202332 Signal amplification GSM/(W)CDMA PA DIGITAL GSM & (W)CDMA SIGNAL I/Q MOD different paths for forwarding signals or signal components within the transmitter are shown. According to Figure 3, the signal intended for transmission is forwarded via the path in the lower half of the image (highlighted in red) after it has been generated in the function block highlighted in blue. Other signal components, which for example represent information for processing the signal to be transmitted, can run via various paths (highlighted in orange) located in the upper half of the image. These paths represent different options and do not all have to be used in one configuration (see D3, section Then, depending on the communication standard according to which a signal is generated and modulated, there are several options for signal processing: [...] Figure 6 also discloses features 1.1.2, 1.2.2 and 1.3.2 of the hybrid transmitter in the second mode according to the patent in suit, which is based on the processing of a normalised complex signal.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202333 Cartesian to Polar to Cartesian conversion block 600 Polarto Cartesian conversion block 602 A complex signal is fed to the first unit and amplitude (AM) and phase (PM) information is obtained from it. The amplitude information is to be used in the sense of sophisticated transmission characteristic information. The phase information can be understood in terms of sophisticated offset information. I&Q Polar to Catesion conversion block 602in the description (par. [0065] - The generated FM I/Q signals are then fed to I/Q modulator 604 FM I/Q FM I/Q whereby the representation of the signal flow as a dashed line indicates to the skilled person that this signal FM I/Q I/Q MOD can be fed as an alternative input signal. Figure 6 does not simultaneously show the function of the hybrid transmitter in the first mode and Figure 3 does not simultaneously show the function of the hybrid transmitter in the second mode. However, both figures show different types of modulation that one and the same hybrid transmitter is able to use [0050]. In this respect, the disclosure is linked by the textual description. The person skilled in the art will recognise that the citation relates in particular to a multimode transmitter [0001; 0042], i.e. a programmable [0091] device which, using the same components and depending on the respective transmission requirements, can optionally process signals with a high energy level and those with a lower energy level by switching the modes [0074]: D3, paragraph [0091] This is also illustrated by Figure 10 referred to by the defendants, which shows the configuration of the hybrid transmitter - according to the respective transmission requirements - in different modes: The following illustration shows the configuration of the hybrid transmitter in a first mode. By programming the first unit Cartesian to Polar to Cartesian conversion block600 Polar to Cartesianconversion block 602 I&Q I/Q modulator 1004 [0079] Original I and Q signals are conveyed to block 1000 and/or block 1004 on the basis of the needed modulation In the illustration, the signal processing of the complex signal in the transmission path is highlighted in red. 610 block 602 power amplifier Polar to Catesion conversion I&Q I/Q modulator 6042024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com implemented by using one or more programmable integrated circuits (routers, for instance, may be programmable), since one advantage of the invention is that the same signal generator UPC CFI 52/202334 It is readily apparent to the skilled person that this configuration of the hybrid transmitter in the first mode highlighted in Figure 10 corresponds to that shown in Figure 8 and which, according to the description (para. [0074]), is intended for signals with low energy levels. In the following illustration of Figure 8, the signal processing of the complex signal in the transmission path is highlighted in red. The configuration of the hybrid transmitter in another mode is also shown in Figure 10 processing module and are shown in blue-coloured blocks. The complex signal fed to the signal processing as the input signal of the first unit is highlighted in red and the complex signal output by the signal processing from the second unit, including the further signal processing in the transmission path, is highlighted in blue. I/Q I/Q modulator 1004 Polar to Cartesian conversion block 600 Polarto Cartesian conversion block 602 [0079] Original I and Q signals are conveyed to block 1000 and/or block 1004 on basis of the needed modulation I/Q modulator 10042024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202335 It is readily apparent to a person skilled in the art that this configuration of the hybrid transmitter emphasised in Figure 10 also includes the mode as shown in Figure 6 and which, according to the description (para. [0074]), is intended for signals with high energy levels. As already explained above with reference to Figure 6, the Cartesian conversion conversion block transmission characteristic information as well as a normalised complex signal in accordance with the requirements which, together with the phase information, serves as offset information in accordance with the requirements. I/Q modulator 1004 the further signal processing of the normalised complex signal in the transmission path is highlighted in blue in the following illustration of Figure 6 3. The skilled person also deduces from D3, contrary to the plaintiff's opinion, and indeed directly and unambiguously, that the input signals GSM TX Input Input These are simply two possible input signals generated from outgoing data. block 600 602 Cartesian to Polar to Polar to Cartesian2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202336 as assumed by the plaintiff W)CDMA TX Input GSM TX Input depending on which standard is to be used. The skilled person can already infer this from paragraph [0045] of D3 cited by the applicant, which reflects this distinction compared to intended to be transmitted according to the WCDMA standard ). Furthermore, it can also be seen from Figure 2 (representation of the prior art) that these two D3, Figure 2; emphasis added): The expert would also not consider the plaintiff's variant interpretation. This is because this interpretation of D3 would mean that D3 would not be able to transfer a data set flexibly according to different communication standards. Against the background of D3's task, this seems completely far-fetched. 4. Furthermore, the skilled person also directly and unambiguously takes from D3 a disclosure of an upconversion in the first mode as well as in the second mode (based on offset information). In this respect, the applicant states that D3 is not disclosed for Figure 3, sophisticated mixing based on offset information find in in the embodiment of Figure 6 (defence NWK, p. 19 para. 79). This is incorrect. For example, two options are mentioned in paragraph [0048] of D3 regarding Figure 3, according to which I/Q modulator is frequency modulated (see D3, para. [0048], emphasis added):2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202337 With regard to Figure 6, D3 explicitly describes a phase rotation in the course of frequency modulation (D3, para. so that the upconversion is also based on offset information. Furthermore, the skilled person reads the simplified block diagram of the I/Q MOD I/Q MOD to which the two orthogonal signal components I/Q of a complex baseband signal are fed as an input signal in order to perform an upconversion of the complex baseband signal. The same is true for the device shown in Figures 6, 8, 10 with reference numbers 604, 800, quadrature modulator is also read. Moreover, as the defendants have rightly pointed out, the paragraph [0087] up-conversion - I/Q modulation can. In summary, the local division concludes that Figures 3, 6, 8 and 10 of document D3 form a unitary disclosure. In this regard, the block diagram in Figure 3 shows a sophisticated programmable hybrid transmitter comprising a baseband processing module, an upconverter module and a power amplifier circuit at the highest level of abstraction. Figure 10 shows the detailed configuration of the programmable hybrid transmitter that supports both sophisticated modes. The sophisticated configuration of the programmable hybrid transmitter in the first mode is shown in Figure 8 and Figure 6 shows the sophisticated configuration of the programmable hybrid transmitter in the second mode.2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202338 III. Auxiliary request In a document dated 2 January 2024, the applicant requested in the alternative that the patent in suit be amended and maintained pursuant to Rule 30 RoP on the basis of the attached set of claims. The attached set of claims is intended (in the alternative) to replace the original feature 1.1.2 in claim 1 with the new feature 1.1.2bis as follows In the applicant's view, the amendment claimed in the alternative makes it clear that all three (and not just at least one of them) normalised complex signal, offset information and transmission property information are the result of the conversion of outgoing data. A corresponding amendment is also made to the associated method claim 7, whereby, in the alternative, the original feature 7.1.2 in claim 7 is to be replaced by the new feature 7.1.2bis as follows: It follows from the above interpretation of the original claim 1 that offset information and transmission characteristic information are necessarily directly related to the normalisation of the complex signal and describe the extent of the phase information and amplitude information changed during the normalisation of the complex signal. The interpretation of the original claim 1 from the point of view of a person skilled in the art already takes into account the fact, clarified by the auxiliary request, that the normalised complex signal, offset information and transmission characteristic information are a result of the conversion of outgoing data. Thus, the interpretation of amended claim 1 according to the auxiliary request does not result in any additional limitation of the claimed scope of protection. However, the2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com EN DE 7.1.2 bis converting, by the baseband processing module (76, 100), the outbound data (94) into: a normalized complex signal (140), offset information (142), and transmit property information (144) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode (136); Konvertieren, durch das Basisband- Verarbeitungsmodul (76, 100), der abgehenden Daten (94) in: ein normalisiertes komplexes Signal (140), Offset-Informationen (142) und Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144), wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid- Sender in einem zweiten Modus (136) befindet; EN DE 1.1.2 bis to convert the outbound data (94) into: a normalized complex signal (140), offset information (142), and transmit property information (144) when the programmable hybrid transmitter is in a second mode (136); die abgehenden Daten (94) umzuwandeln in: ein normalisiertes komplexes Signal (140), Offset- Informationen (142) und Sendeeigenschaftsinformationen (144), wenn sich der programmierbare Hybrid- Sender in einem zweiten Modus (136) befindet; UPC CFI 52/202339 Clarification in feature 1.1.2bis a clarification that prevents an incorrect interpretation of the claimed scope of protection. This assessment does not deviate from the result presented above. Based on this result, it can be left open whether the plaintiff submitted the auxiliary requests in due form and time. IV. Dependent patent claims The plaintiff has defended the dependent claims solely on the basis of the patentability of the independent claims 1 and 7. Since, as shown, claims 1 and 7 are anticipated by D3 in a manner prejudicial to novelty, the independent claims cannot be upheld either. D. Infrigement Due to the invalidity of the patent in suit, the infringement action already lacks a basis. It can therefore be left open whether the patent-in-suit would not be infringed even if it were legally valid, as the defendants claim. E. Legal consequences European patent 1 838 002 is to be declared invalid for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. The action for infringement is to be dismissed. The plaintiff is ordered to pay the costs of the proceedings (Art. 69 (1) UPCA). DECISION 1. The European patent 1 838 002 is declared invalid for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. 2. The applications to amend the patent in suit are dismissed. 3. The action for infringement is dismissed. 4. Orders the applicant to pay the costs. INFORMATION ON APPEAL An appeal against this decision may be lodged with the Court of Appeal within two months of notification of the decision by any party whose applications were unsuccessful in whole or in part (Art. 73(1) UPCA, R. 220.1(a), 224.1(a) RoP).2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com UPC CFI 52/202340INFORMATION ON ENFORCEMENT (ART. 82 EPGÜ, ART. ART. 37(2) EPGS, R. 118.8, 158.2, 354, 355.4 ROP): A certified copy of the enforceable decision is issued by the Deputy Registrar on application by the enforcing party, R. 69 RegR INSTRUCTIONS TO THE REGISTER A certified copy of the decision must be sent to the European Patent Office and to the German Patent and Trade Mark Office as soon as the decision on the The judgement has become legally binding. DETAILS OF THE DECISION UPC number: UPC CFI 52/2023 Action for infringement: ACT 462984/2023 Invalidity counterclaims: CC 581179/2023,CC 581177/2023 Applications for amendment of the patent: App 18580/2024, App 18557/2024 Announced in Munich on 30 August 2024. Dr Zigann Presiding judge and judge-rapporteur Matthias ZIGANN Digitally signed by Matthias ZIGANN Date: 2024.08.27 09:42:32 +02'00' Dr Zhilova legally qualified judge Tatyana Zhilova Digitally signed by Tatyana Zhilova Date: 2024.08.27 12:20:30 +03'00' Pichlmaier legally qualified judge Tobias Günther Pichlmaier Digitally signed by Tobias Günther Pichlmaier Date: 2024.08.27 12:21:21 +02'00' Loibner Klaus Digitally signed by Klaus Loibner technically qualified judge Loibner Date: 2024.08.27 10:01:40 +02'00' for the Deputy Chancellor Anja Mittermeier Digitally signed by Anja Mittermeier Date: 2024.08.27 12:42:05 +02'00'2024-08-30 LD Munich UPC CFI 52-2023 ACT 462984-2023 ORD 598434-2023 DE only en-GBDeepL machine translation provided by www.veron.com

Key Holdings

• The European patent 1 838 002 is declared invalid for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany.
• The applications to amend the patent in suit are dismissed.
• The action for infringement is dismissed.
• Orders the applicant to pay the costs.

Tags

• Auxiliary Requests
• Claim Construction
• Infringement
• Novelty
• Patent Validity
• Revocation

Related Rules

• Rule 3 – Power of staff of the Registry and a sub-registry to perform functions of the Registry

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